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    <h1 class="font-m f36">Section 2 Attachments</h1>
    <p class="f20 font-m">2.2 Glossary</p>
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      <p class="f16 font-m subheading">· Definition:</p>
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      <p class="f16 font-m subheading">· Description:</p>
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<script setup>
const list0 = [
  {
    title: "PDE (Permitted Daily Exposure)",
    definition:
      "PDE is a key indicator in toxicological evaluations, referring to the maximum permissible daily dose of a substance that a person can be exposed to without experiencing adverse health effects. This value is typically calculated based on both long-term and short-term experimental data from toxicological studies, taking into account metabolic pathways, toxic effects, and different exposure routes (such as oral, inhalation, and dermal contact).",
    description:
      "The establishment of PDE ensures that residues of drugs on equipment during production do not pose a health hazard. The calculation of PDE relies on extensive toxicological data, including acute and chronic toxicity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and reproductive toxicity of the drug. When setting PDE, differences among populations, such as age, gender, and health status, must also be considered.",
  },
  {
    title: "LD50 (Lethal Dose 50%)",
    definition:
      "LD50 refers to the dose of a chemical substance that causes the death of 50% of the test animals within a specified time, typically used to assess the acute toxicity of the chemical. This indicator is commonly used with mice, rabbits, or other laboratory animals and represents the relative toxicity of the chemical.",
    description:
      "LD50 is usually expressed in terms of the substance's dose per kilogram of body weight (e.g., mg/kg). In pharmaceutical toxicological evaluations, LD50 data help in understanding the acute toxicity level of a drug or chemical and provide a basis for further toxicological studies. A lower LD50 value indicates higher acute toxicity of the substance.",
  },
  {
    title: "NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level)",
    definition:
      "NOAEL is the highest dose in a toxicological study at which no adverse health effects are observed. The setting of NOAEL is typically based on animal studies or clinical trial data, where subjects are exposed to varying doses, and the absence of adverse health effects is observed.",
    description:
      "NOAEL is an important reference point in setting PDE during toxicological evaluations, usually representing the safe dose range of a chemical substance. By analyzing NOAEL in toxicological experiments, researchers can determine a safe dose that does not cause adverse health reactions under different exposure conditions.",
  },
  {
    title: "LOAEL (Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level)",
    definition:
      "LOAEL refers to the lowest dose at which adverse health effects are observed in a toxicological study. LOAEL represents the starting point of the toxic effects of a chemical substance, where significant health impacts or pathological changes begin to be observed.",
    description:
      "LOAEL is often used together with NOAEL to help determine the toxic dose range of a chemical substance. In toxicological studies, LOAEL is commonly used to identify potential risks associated with a drug or chemical substance and to provide data support for setting PDE.",
  },
  {
    title: "ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake)",
    definition:
      "ADI refers to the maximum amount of a chemical substance that a person can consume daily over their lifetime without significant health risks. ADI is typically used to assess food additives, pesticide residues, and other chemicals that may enter the human body through the food chain.",
    description:
      "The calculation of ADI is based on NOAEL or LOAEL data from long-term toxicological studies, often incorporating a safety factor to ensure public health protection. The setting of ADI considers the sensitivity of different population groups, including age, gender, and health status.",
  },
  {
    title: "TTC (Threshold of Toxicological Concern)",
    definition:
      "TTC is a concept used to infer the potential risk of a chemical substance based on its structure and known toxicological data. TTC is used to assess whether a substance might pose a health risk in cases where toxicological data are insufficient.",
    description:
      "The use of TTC is mainly in situations where complete toxicological data are unavailable. Through structural analysis, the toxicity of a chemical substance can be inferred, and a minimum risk threshold can be set. This method is commonly used in food safety evaluations and chemical risk assessments.",
  },
  {
    title: "Carcinogenicity",
    definition:
      "Carcinogenicity refers to the ability of a chemical substance to induce cancer or increase the risk of cancer. Carcinogenicity tests aim to determine whether long-term exposure to a substance will lead to malignant cellular changes or tumor formation.",
    description:
      "Carcinogenicity tests are typically conducted in animal models to assess whether a chemical substance can induce cancer. In toxicological evaluations, the results of carcinogenicity tests are used to set safe exposure limits, ensuring that the use of a drug or chemical does not pose a cancer risk.",
  },
  {
    title: "Mutagenicity",
    definition:
      "Mutagenicity refers to the ability of a chemical substance to cause genetic mutations. Genetic mutations can lead to abnormal cellular functions, which may result in disease or an increased risk of cancer. Mutagenicity tests are used to evaluate the impact of a chemical substance on DNA.",
    description:
      "In toxicological evaluations, mutagenicity tests help researchers understand the potential genetic hazards of chemical substances. By assessing the mutagenicity of a chemical, substances that might cause hereditary diseases or cancer can be identified.",
  },
  {
    title: "Genotoxicity",
    definition:
      "Genotoxicity refers to the ability of a chemical substance to damage genetic material (DNA or chromosomes). Genotoxicity tests aim to assess the risk posed by a chemical substance to the stability and integrity of genetic information.",
    description:
      "Genotoxicity can lead to genetic mutations, chromosomal aberrations, or cell death. In toxicological evaluations, genotoxicity tests help determine whether a chemical substance has the potential to damage genetic material and cause long-term health problems.",
  },
  {
    title: "Cytotoxicity",
    definition:
      "Cytotoxicity refers to the ability of a chemical substance to directly damage cells, usually manifesting as cellular dysfunction, metabolic inhibition, or cell death. Cytotoxicity tests are used to assess the impact of drugs or chemicals on cell health.",
    description:
      "Cytotoxicity tests are one of the common methods in toxicological evaluations, helping researchers understand the potential effects of drugs or chemicals on cell growth and metabolism. Higher cytotoxicity typically indicates that the chemical substance may cause adverse reactions or tissue damage in the body.",
  },
  {
    title: "Acute Toxicity",
    definition:
      "Acute toxicity refers to the toxic effects caused by a chemical substance in a short period (usually a single or short-term exposure). Acute toxicity tests are used to determine the impact of a chemical substance on an organism within a short timeframe after exposure.",
    description:
      "Acute toxicity tests are typically used to assess the short-term health effects of exposure to high doses of a chemical substance, such as death, organ failure, or other acute health problems. Acute toxicity data are one of the key bases for setting exposure limits.",
  },
  {
    title: "Subchronic Toxicity",
    definition:
      "Chronic toxicity refers to the toxic effects caused by a chemical substance on an organism over a long period of exposure. Chronic toxicity tests usually last for months or even years, assessing the potential health risks associated with long-term use of a chemical substance.",
    description:
      "Chronic toxicity tests in toxicological evaluations are used to understand the effects of long-term exposure to a chemical substance on organ systems and overall health. Chronic toxicity data are an important reference in the process of setting PDE.",
  },
  {
    title: "Chronic Toxicity",
    definition:
      "Subchronic toxicity refers to the toxic effects of a chemical substance on an organism over a medium-term exposure (usually 90 days or longer). Subchronic toxicity tests are primarily used to assess the effects of a chemical substance in cases of repeated or medium-term exposure.",
    description:
      "Subchronic toxicity tests help researchers evaluate the health effects of a chemical substance after exposure for several months, particularly for patient populations undergoing long-term drug treatment.",
  },
  {
    title: "Neurotoxicity",
    definition:
      "Neurotoxicity refers to the toxic effects of a chemical substance on the nervous system, which may result in neurological damage, dysfunction, or death. Neurotoxicity tests are used to assess the potential hazards of a chemical substance to the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.",
    description:
      "Neurotoxicity evaluation is crucial in toxicological studies, particularly for investigating whether a drug or chemical substance might cause neurodegenerative diseases, cognitive impairments, or other nervous system-related diseases.",
  },
  {
    title: "Reproductive Toxicity",
    definition:
      "Reproductive toxicity refers to the toxic effects of a chemical substance on the reproductive system, which may lead to reproductive dysfunction, infertility, or birth defects. Reproductive toxicity tests are used to assess the impact of a chemical substance on reproductive capacity and offspring health.",
    description:
      "In toxicological evaluations, reproductive toxicity tests help identify chemical substances that might affect reproductive health or cause birth defects. The effects on the reproductive systems of both females and males are usually assessed separately and determined through long-term experiments.",
  },
  {
    title: "Developmental Toxicity",
    definition:
      "Developmental toxicity refers to the adverse effects of a chemical substance on the development of an embryo or fetus during pregnancy. Developmental toxicity tests are used to assess whether a chemical substance might cause miscarriage, malformation, or developmental delays.",
    description:
      "Developmental toxicity evaluation in toxicological studies is mainly used to identify potential health risks to the fetus when pregnant women are exposed to specific chemical substances. The results of developmental toxicity tests are often referenced as contraindications for drug use, especially during pregnancy.",
  },
  {
    title: "Dermal Toxicity",
    definition:
      "Dermal toxicity refers to the adverse reactions caused by contact with a chemical substance through the skin, including irritation, allergic reactions, or skin damage. Dermal toxicity tests assess the potential hazards of a chemical substance to skin tissue.",
    description:
      "Dermal toxicity tests are crucial in toxicological evaluations of cosmetics, topical medications, and chemical products. Through these tests, it can be determined whether a chemical substance might cause health issues when it comes into direct contact with the skin.",
  },
  {
    title: "Ocular Toxicity",
    definition:
      "Ocular toxicity refers to the irritation, damage, or vision impairment caused by exposure of the eyes to a chemical substance. Ocular toxicity tests are used to assess the potential impact of a chemical substance on the visual system when exposed to the eyes.",
    description:
      "Ocular toxicity evaluations are commonly used to test chemicals, drugs, or other products that may enter the eyes, ensuring that these substances do not cause long-term or serious harm to the eyes during normal use.",
  },
  {
    title: "Biotransformation",
    definition:
      "Biotransformation refers to the metabolic process by which a chemical substance is converted into metabolites within a biological organism. This process typically occurs in the liver and may influence the toxicity, activity, and elimination of the chemical substance.",
    description:
      "In toxicological evaluations, biotransformation data are used to analyze the metabolic pathways of a chemical substance in the body, helping to determine its potential health risks and safety.",
  },
  {
    title: "Bioavailability",
    definition:
      "Bioavailability refers to the proportion of a chemical substance that is absorbed and enters the systemic circulation. Bioavailability evaluates the absorption efficiency and biological effectiveness of a chemical substance under different routes of administration (such as oral, inhalation, injection, etc.).",
    description:
      "Bioavailability is crucial in drug development as it determines the dosage design, administration frequency, and therapeutic efficacy of the drug.",
  },
];
</script>
